Thursday, May 30, 2019

Essay --

Introduction antibiotic drug drug is important in defending disease causing bacteria, pathogens and virus. Antibiotic resistance or drug or antimicrobial resistance means the ability of microorganism to defend against the effect caused by antibiotic. According to World wellness Organization (2006), aquaculture involves cultivating aquatic animals and plants in a restricted environment. Chatterjee and Haldar (2012) reported that almost one-third of the total fish supply in the world is contributed by aquaculture for internal consumption. Annually, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture has reported that aquaculture possesses an average increase of 8.3%. The development of antibiotic resistance bacteria is due to the usage of antibiotic in the feeds and immersion therapy (McPhearson, DePoala, Zywno, Motes Jr, & Guarino, 1991). The examples of antibiotic resistance bacteria that can be found in aquaculture peeing discharge are Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio vu lnificus and Plesiomonas shigelloides (Hernandez Serrano, 2005). When human handle and consume these aquatic organisms, they may be exposed to some diseases which results in public health issue. Vibrio vulnificusVibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a Gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped bacterium that lives freely in estuarine, nautical and freshwater environment associated with aquatic animals. It can be isolated from water, sediments and seafood from seawater and aquaculture water (Jones & Oliver, 2009). Higher concentration of V. vulnificus can be found during summer when water temperature increases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Hence, V. vulnificus is also termed as halophiles as they are found in salty and high temperature environme... ...d-development-of-rapid-and-accurate-identification-methods-2155-9910.S1-002.pdfHernandez Serrano, P. (2005). Responsible use of antibiotics in aquaculture. Retrieved form FTP//ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0282e/a0282e0 0.pdfMcPhearson, R. M., DePoala, A., Zywno, S. R., Motes Jr., M. L., & Guarino, A. M. (1991). Antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria from cultured catfish and aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture, 99, 203-211.Morris, J. G. (2013). Vibrio vulnificus infections. Retrieved from http//www.uptodate.com/contents/vibrio-vulnificus-infectionsTodar, K. (2009). The microbial world. Retrieved from http//textbookofbacteriology.net/themicrobialworld/homepage.htmlWorld Health Organization. (2006). Antimicrobial use in aquaculture and antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved from http//www.who.int/topics/foodborne_diseases/aquaculture_rep_13_16june2006%20.pdf

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